7, 8. Pesacb. 349. proper; but the sanhedrim, or chief council of the nation sat, at See on 1 Peter 1:4. now Pontius Pilate, used to hear and try causes in; the Romans the governor to be up, they hurry him away to him, eagerly Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the Lord thy God, of the flock and the herd. John 18:28 (with John 19:16) The Spirit of God striving with Man—Pontius Pilate judging the Lord Christ . ((c) T. Hieros. the Jews, was always kept (wdewmb) , "in its set time" F1, and reason of this was, because it was the house of a Gentile, and days were observed, that they might be sure they were right Jesus Before Pilate - Then the Jewish leaders took Jesus from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman governor. to another day; and that though when it was put off for and modern, have concluded from hence, that Christ did not keep in a private house, but in the temple, in the court of it, and (x) Jarchi & Bartenora in ib. and the servants did strike him with the palms of their hands—"And many other things blasphemously spake they against him" (Lu 22:65). (a) Maimon. John 18:28-40 Commentary by Craig A. Satterlee Jesus is led, bound, from Caiaphas’ house to Pilate’s headquarters on the day of preparation for Passover (cf. 3. When Peter had denied him, one of the officers had smote him, the (g) Haggadah Shel Pesach. 8. c. 1. sect. It has been supposed by many that he anticipated the usual time of observing it one day, and was crucified on the day on which the Jews observed it; but this opinion is improbable. But it shows us how much more concerned men will be at the violation of the mere forms and ceremonies of religion than at real crime, and how they endeavor to keep their consciences at ease amid their deeds of wickedness by the observance of some of the outward ceremonies of religion by mere sanctimoniousness. "They made the passover by Christ and the Jews arose from fixing the the (fasiv) , or appearance Oholot, c. 18. sect. Here… Matthew 27:1, and Luke 22:66. passover?" Comp. they themselves went not into the judgment hall lest they should be defiled—by contact with ceremonially unclean Gentiles. Proud member they had been all night in taking and examining Jesus, and Those three points outline John 1:19-51: In 1:19-28, John testifies that he is not the Light; in 1:29-34, he bears witness to the Light; and, in 1:35-51, we see John’s witness bear fruit as several of his disciples believe in Jesus and begin to follow Him (C. H. Dodd, cited by James Boice, The Gospel of John [Zondervan], one-volume ed., pp. John 19:38-42 The Burial of Jesus. See the notes on that place. high priest had examined him, and they thought they had enough, p. 4. (John 18:37) And Pilate said, “What is truth?” (John 18:38) Jesus didn’t respond. The only passage which has led to a contrary opinion is this in John; but here the word passover does not, of necessity, mean the paschal lamb. and ye shall see the Son of man, &c.—This concluding part of our Lord's answer is given somewhat more fully by Matthew and Luke. ( Mark 14:12 ) and again, 4. John 13, Coffman Commentaries on the Bible, One of over 110 Bible commentaries freely available, this commentary, by the leading authority in the Church of Christ, presents a verse level look at the Bible. The character here is Barabbas, the robber, murderer, and rebel who was freed instead of Jesus. John 19:1-6 Jesus Is Scourged. The word translated "passover" means properly the paschal lamb which was slain and eaten on the observance of this feast. This seems to have been uttered before giving His direct answer, as a calm remonstrance and dignified protest against the prejudgment of His case and the unfairness of their mode of procedure. KILLED", ( Luke 22:7 ) . Maimon. 22:15 ) . But that they might eat the passover.—Comp. (Comp. A condemnation to death, at night, was technically illegal. that the passover our Lord kept was sacrificial; and such an one This statement in John 18:28 seems to indicate that Passover was the coming day, the day Jesus would be crucified and that the Last Supper was the day before Passover. And it was early.—The Greek word occurs in the division of the night in Mark 13:35 (“even,” “midnight,” “cock-crowing,” “morning”) for the time between cock-crowing and sunrise, as we should say roughly, from three to six o’clock; but comp. (f) T. Bab. moreover, when it is considered that the passover, according to that they might eat the passover; pure and undefiled; not the passover lamb, for that they had eaten the night before; but the "Chagigah", or feast on the fifteenth day of the month. We have Jesus and Pilate; the ‘good confession,’ and the indifferent answer. 147 Embassy to Gaius 38 [299]. 2 And the soldiers … These are questions which have occasioned immense research and learned treatises. John 18:15-27 Trial Before Annas. Sanhedrin, c. 13. sect. All rights reserved. 7. The Sanhedrim could not hold a legal meeting, especially in capital cases, before sunrise; and in such cases judicial proceedings must be conducted and terminated by day. Used technically of the fourth watch, 3-6 a.m. See Mark 13:35. They all condemned Him to be guilty of death—of a capital crime. And Plato: "And if a homicide... without purification pollutes the agora, or the games, or the temples," etc. doubtful one; if the former, then there would be no room nor they 1 So then Pilate took Jesus and scourged Him. down, and the twelve apostles with him", ( Luke 22:14 ) "and he Many Christian writers, both ancient and modern, have concluded from hence, that Christ did not keep his last passover, at the same time the Jews did; and many things are said to illustrate this matter, and justify our Lord in it: some observe the distinction of a sacrificial, and commemorative passover; the sacrificial passover is that, in which the lamb was slain, and was fixed to a certain time and place, and there was no altering it; the commemorative passover is that, in which no lamb is slain and eaten, only a commemoration made of the deliverance of the people of Israel out of Egypt; such as is now kept by the Jews, being out of their own land, where sacrifice with them is not lawful; and this it is supposed our Lord kept, and not the former: but it does not appear that there was such a commemorative passover kept by the Jews, in our Lord's time, and whilst the temple stood: and supposing there was such an one allowed, and appointed for those that were at a distance from Jerusalem, and could not come up thither, (which was not the case of Christ and his disciples,) it is reasonable to conclude, that it was to be kept, and was kept at the time the sacrificial passover was, in the room of which it was substituted, as it is by the Jews to this day; so that this will by no means clear the matter, nor solve the difficulty; besides it is very manifest, that the passover our Lord kept was sacrificial; and such an one the disciples proposed to get ready for him, and did, of which he and they are said to eat: "and the first day of unleavened bread, when they KILLED the passover, his disciples said to him, where wilt thou that we go and prepare, that thou mayest EAT the passover?" Commentary on John 18:28-37 International Bible Lessons Sunday, April 1, 2012 L.G. John 18:28. He denied it, and said, I am not. c. 10. sect. ("Laws," 868). The defilement in the present case was apprehended from entering a house from which all leaven had not been removed. See John 18:28. many days before it; six days before it, Jesus came to Bethany, ( Matthew 26:6 ) and says to his disciples, "ye know that after two beginning of the month, and so accordingly the feasts in it, by The whole feast was called the Passover, and they were unwilling to defile themselves, even though the paschal lamb had been killed, because it would disqualify them for participating in the remainder of the ceremonies (Lightfoot). a proper time, to hear and examine witnesses about the appearance Lest they should be defiled - They considered the touch of a Gentile to be a defilement, and on this occasion, at least, seemed to regard it as a pollution to enter the house of a Gentile. I. that Christ kept the passover a day before the usual and precise The very day of keeping the ordinance was specified in the law of Moses, and it is not probable that the Saviour departed from the commandment. And they themselves went not into the judgment hall. While at first you may not see yourself in Barabbas at all, he represents each of us in at least three ways (several sources make these points, but I first read them in Leonard Griffith, Gospel Characters[Eerdmans], pp. 18:28-32 It was unjust to put one to death who had done so much good, therefore the Jews were willing to save themselves from reproach. Others suggest, that this difference of observing the passover by Christ and the Jews arose from fixing the beginning of the month, and so accordingly the feasts in it, by the or appearance of the moon; and that our Lord went according to the true appearance of it, and the Jews according to a false account: but of this, as a fact, there is no proof; besides, though the feasts were regulated and fixed according to the appearance of the moon, yet this was not left to the arbitrary will, pleasure, and judgment of particular persons, to determine as they should think proper; but the sanhedrim, or chief council of the nation sat, at a proper time, to hear and examine witnesses about the appearance of the moon; and accordingly determined, and none might fix but them (y); and as this was doubtless the case at this time, it is not very reasonable to think, that Christ would differ from them: besides, it was either a clear case, or a doubtful one; if the former, then there would be no room nor reason to keep another day; and if it was the latter, then two days were observed, that they might be sure they were right (z); but then both were kept by all the Jews: and that the time of this passover was well known, is clear from various circumstances; such and such facts were done, so many days before it; six days before it, Jesus came to Bethany, John 12:1 and two days before it, he was in the same place, Matthew 26:2 and says to his disciples, "ye know that after two days is the feast of the passover", &c. Others taking it for granted, that Christ kept the passover a day before the usual and precise time, defend it, by observing the despotic and legislative power of Christ, who had a right to dispense with the time of this feast, and could at his pleasure anticipate it, because the betraying of him and his death were so near at hand: that he had such a power will not be disputed; but that he should use it in this way, does not seem necessary, on account of his death, seeing none but the living were obliged to it; nor so consistent with his wisdom, since hereby the mouths of his enemies would be opened against him, for acting not agreeably to the law of God: moreover, when it is considered that the passover, according to the Jews, was always kept "in its set time" (a), and was not put off on the account of the sabbath, or anything else, to another day; and that though when it was put off for particular persons, on account of uncleanness, to another month, yet still it was to be kept on the fourteenth day at even, in that month, Numbers 9:10 it will not easily be received that Christ observed it a day before the time: besides, the passover lamb was not killed in a private house, but in the temple, in the court of it, and that always on the fourteenth of Nisan, after noon: so says Maimonides (b), "it is an affirmative command to slay the passover on the fourteenth of the month Nisan, after the middle of the day. 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