frontal plane ; also called a coronal plane, is made at right angles to the midline and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts . The bridge of the nose is medial to the eyes. (a) Eversion of the foot moves the bottom (sole) of the foot away from the midline of the body, while foot inversion faces the sole toward the midline. Watch this video to learn about anatomical motions. When a patient experiences paralysis in both legs and the lower part of the body, this is known as: elbow. For the mandible, protraction occurs when the lower jaw is pushed forward, to stick out the chin, while retraction pulls the lower jaw backward. To increase its weight-bearing support for the bag, the shoulder lifts as the scapula superiorly rotates. Medial and lateral rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder or lower limb at the hip involves turning the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body (medial or internal rotation) or away from the midline (lateral or external rotation). (c)–(d) Anterior bending of the head or vertebral column is flexion, while any posterior-going movement is extension. Directional terms are used to describe the relationship of one part of the body to another. The upper limbs are held out to each side, and the palms of the hands face forward as illustrated in Figure 1. Median: At the midline of the body. Most of the directional terms used to describe the relationship of one part of the body to another can be grouped into pairs that have opposite meanings. Each of these major portions of the body is divided into regions with special names to facilitate communication and to aid in locating body components. Caudal is the opposite of cephalic. The meaning of terms that are used can change depending on whether an organism is bipedal or quadrupedal. Superior and inferior rotation are movements of the scapula and are defined by the direction of movement of the glenoid cavity. 2. Inferior (or caudal) means just the opposite: “away from the head,” or “lower… The spine is posterior to the abdominal muscles. They are above you in authority. Deep: Away from the exterior surface or further into the body… Copyright 2016 - 2019 Earth's Lab All Rights Reserved -, Directional Terms for Anatomical Position and Major Body Regions, Major Regions of the Head, Neck, and Trunk. Medial: Closer to the midline of the body. A directional term meaning toward the center of the body or body part. The fingernails are at the distal ends of the fingers. The term "myoparesis" is used to describe: dorsiflexion. Inversion, eversion, protraction, and retraction. This is the supinated position of the forearm. This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymologies.Most of them are combining forms in New Latin and hence international scientific vocabulary.There are a few general rules about how they combine. The type of movement that can be produced at a synovial joint is determined by its structural type. Vs. • Inferior: means the part is below another or towards the feet (caudal). what are the vertical planes is an up and down plane that is right angle to the horizon Lateral flexion is the bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side. The terms proximal and distal are used in structures that are considered to have a beginning and an end (such as the upper limb, lower limb and blood vessels). When the palm of the hand faces backward, the forearm is in the pronated position, and the radius and ulna form an X-shape. It implies a position or direction away from the body proper. Similarly, hyperflexion is excessive flexion at a joint. The proximal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint that allows for rotation of the head of the radius. Ventral is similar to anterior; it means toward the abdomen. Abduction and adduction are motions of the limbs, hand, fingers, or toes in the coronal (medial–lateral) plane of movement. For example, abduction is raising the arm at the shoulder joint, moving it laterally away from the body, while adduction brings the arm down to the side of the body. Superior rotation of the scapula is thus required for full abduction of the upper limb. As part of defining and describing terms, the body is described through the use of anatomical planes and anatomical axes. Moving the limb or hand laterally away from the body, or spreading the fingers or toes, is abduction. It involves the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a joint. It is important to understand that directional terms have relative meanings, they make sense only when used to describe the position of one structure relative to another. Or below another structure. This is a uniaxial joint, and thus rotation is the only motion allowed at a pivot joint. Medial excursion returns the mandible to its resting position at the midline. During superior rotation, the glenoid cavity moves upward as the medial end of the scapular spine moves downward. Term. Each movement at a synovial joint results from the contraction or relaxation of the muscles that are attached to the bones on either side of the articulation. Vs. • Posterior: means toward the back (the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity) - [dorsal]. In fact, the leg is the part of the body between the knee and ankle joints. Without superior rotation of the scapula, the greater tubercle of the humerus would hit the acromion of the scapula, thus preventing any abduction of the arm above shoulder height. Note that extension of the thigh beyond the anatomical (standing) position is greatly limited by the ligaments that support the hip joint. Circumduction is the movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle. TERM. This joint allows for the radius to rotate along its length during pronation and supination movements of the forearm. Medial means that a body part is nearer than another part to an imaginary midline of the body. Abnormal development or growth, especially of cells. These movements are used to shrug your shoulders. Various body parts and their relationship with other body parts can be easily understood by the usage of Directional terms in anatomy. For example, your knee is superior to your ankle, even though both are located in the inferior half of the body. In cases of “whiplash” in which the head is suddenly moved backward and then forward, a patient may experience both hyperextension and hyperflexion of the cervical region. Toward or at the backside of the body (behind) the heart is posterior to the breastbone: Term. To further increase precision, anatomists standardize the way in which they view the body. These motions take place at the first carpometacarpal joint. Directional Terms • Superior : means the part is above another or closer to head (cranial ). Medial rotation: This movement is turning a body part around its long axis, with the anterior surface moving toward the midline, like when you turn your whole lower extremity so that your foot points inward. Here, the humerus and femur rotate around their long axis, which moves the anterior surface of the arm or thigh either toward or away from the midline of the body. The big toe is medial to the little toe. Superior rotation is also used without arm abduction when carrying a heavy load with your hand or on your shoulder. Caudal: Pertaining to, situated in, or toward the tail or the hind part. There are many types of movement that can occur at synovial joints (Table 1). This is a very important motion that contributes to upper limb abduction. Adduction brings the limb or hand toward or across the midline of the body, or brings the fingers or toes together. Etymology: from Modern Latin caudalis, from Latin cauda, "tail of an animal"; caud, "tail" or "lower part of the body" + -al, "referring to, pertaining to". For the thumb, extension moves the thumb away from the palm of the hand, within the same plane as the palm, while flexion brings the thumb back against the index finger or into the palm. Abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement. lateral. Cephalad or superior is the term meaning toward the head or upper part of the body. Rotation can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. Readers have the ease to analyze the anatomical position of the body parts with these directional terms. Term. Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball. Lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is dorsiflexion, while lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward is plantar flexion. Circumduction is the movement of the limb, hand, or fingers in a circular pattern, using the sequential combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction motions. nearer to the point of attachment or to a given. Figure 5. Spreading the fingers or toes apart is also abduction, while bringing the fingers or toes together is adduction. Closer to the point of attachment or origin, Farther from the point of attachment or origin. Cephalic -towards the head, caudal-towards the feet, anterior/ ventral means the front of body, posterior/dorsal is the back of the body. For the upper limb, all anterior-going motions are flexion and all posterior-going motions are extension. This motion is produced by rotation of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint, accompanied by movement of the radius at the distal radioulnar joint. Supination and pronation are movements of the forearm. Just as maps are normally oriented with north at the top, the standard body “map,” or anatomical position, is that of the body standing upright, with the feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. reference point. The back as a general area is the dorsum or dorsal area, and the lower back is the lumbus or lumbar region.The shoulder blades are the scapular area and the breastbone is the sternal region. Excursion is the side to side movement of the mandible. Abduction and adduction motions occur within the coronal plane and involve medial-lateral motions of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb. Synovial joints allow the body a tremendous range of movements. The human body consists of an axial portion, the head, neck, and trunk, and an appendicular portion, the upper and lower limbs and their girdles. posterior (dorsal) toward the back of the body. In terms of anatomy, the body is divided into regions. Term. Inversion is the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline, while eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline. 3. Figure 6. (a) Depression of the mandible opens the mouth, while elevation closes it. Dorsal means the back side or upper side, while ventral means the frontal or lower side. inferior. Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the opposing movement that brings the limb toward the body or across the midline. Similarly, abduction and adduction at the wrist moves the hand away from or toward the midline of the body. distal. It is the fact that the standard anatomical position of the body is to stand straight with front facing palms of the hands & upper limbs at the side. (b) Opposition of the thumb brings the tip of the thumb into contact with the tip of the fingers of the same hand and reposition brings the thumb back next to the index finger. Directional term meaning toward the feet or tail, or below. The image below explains various directional terms of anatomy in the simplest manner. Cranial: Toward the head, as opposed to caudad. close to the center of the body . medial. Lack of development of an organ or tissue. They describe the position of a structure with reference to its origin – proximal means closer to its origin, distal means further away. In the lower limb, bringing the thigh forward and upward is flexion at the hip joint, while any posterior-going motion of the thigh is extension. Thumb opposition is produced by a combination of flexion and abduction of the thumb at this joint. Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Pronation is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position. Supination and pronation. In the anatomical position, the upper limb is held next to the body with the palm facing forward. Dorsal: Definition. Study the directional terms below and the example of how each is used. Lateral excursion moves the mandible away from the midline, toward either the right or left side. Caudad: Toward the feet (or tail in embryology), as opposed to cranial. Be sure to distinguish medial and lateral rotation, which can only occur at the multiaxial shoulder and hip joints, from circumduction, which can occur at either biaxial or multiaxial joints. Because of the slight curvature of the shaft of the radius, this rotation causes the distal end of the radius to cross over the distal ulna at the distal radioulnar joint. It is important to understand that directional terms have relative meanings, they make sense only when used to describe the position of one structure relative to another. Turning of the head side to side or twisting of the body is rotation. Hyperextension injuries are common at hinge joints such as the knee or elbow. Physically situated at, or near the tail or hind parts; posterior. It does not matter how the body being described is oriented, the terms are … These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints. http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7-39a1-4eee-ab6e-3ef2482e3e22@7.1@7.1. (See Figure 5.). Flexion and extension. cephalic (suh FAHL ik) 1. As you read the examples, look at Figure above to see the location of each structure. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint, which is a hinge joint. Conversely, rotation of the limb so that the anterior surface moves away from the midline is lateral (external) rotation (see Figure 3). 2. • Anterior: means towards the front (the eyes are anterior to the brain) - [ventral]. Protraction and retraction are anterior-posterior movements of the scapula or mandible. Uniaxial joint; allows rotational movement, Atlantoaxial joint (C1–C2 vertebrae articulation); proximal radioulnar joint, Uniaxial joint; allows flexion/extension movements, Knee; elbow; ankle; interphalangeal joints of fingers and toes, Biaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction movements, Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints of fingers; radiocarpal joint of wrist; metatarsophalangeal joints for toes, First carpometacarpal joint of the thumb; sternoclavicular joint, Multiaxial joint; allows inversion and eversion of foot, or flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the vertebral column, Intertarsal joints of foot; superior-inferior articular process articulations between vertebrae, Multiaxial joint; allows flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction, and medial/lateral rotation movements, Define the different types of body movements, Identify the joints that allow for these motions. For the thumb, abduction is the anterior movement that brings the thumb to a 90° perpendicular position, pointing straight out from the palm. Adduction, abduction, and circumduction take place at the shoulder, hip, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints. Which term means toward the lower part of the body? anterior (ventral) toward the front (belly) of the body. Inversion and eversion are complex movements that involve the multiple plane joints among the tarsal bones of the posterior foot (intertarsal joints) and thus are not motions that take place at the ankle joint. DEFINITION. What anatomical term means toward the lower part of a body structure? Depression and elevation are downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible. above. For example, at the atlantoaxial joint, the first cervical (C1) vertebra (atlas) rotates around the dens, the upward projection from the second cervical (C2) vertebra (axis). Returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger is called reposition (see Figure 6). In this position, the radius and ulna are parallel to each other. Movement that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body is called medial (internal) rotation. The term dorsal has a similar meaning as posterior. Similarly, elevation of the mandible is the upward movement of the lower jaw used to close the mouth or bite on something, and depression is the downward movement that produces opening of the mouth (see Figure 6). Hyperextension is the abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond its normal range of motion, thus resulting in injury. The foot has a greater range of inversion than eversion motion. Lateral means that a body part is farther away from the midline. These movements of the vertebral column involve both the symphysis joint formed by each intervertebral disc, as well as the plane type of synovial joint formed between the inferior articular processes of one vertebra and the superior articular processes of the next lower vertebra. One example is the dorsal fin in … Retraction is the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column. Abduction, adduction, and circumduction. These motions involve rotation of the scapula around a point inferior to the scapular spine and are produced by combinations of muscles acting on the scapula. For the most part, directional terms are grouped in pairs of opposites based on … It helps to remember that supination is the motion you use when scooping up soup with a spoon (see Figure 4). The vertebral column is dorsal to the aorta. The plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is called the: frontal or coronal plane Proximal and distal are terms used to describe locations on the arms and legs. These are mostly used with animal anatomy, but can be used in human anatomy as long as they are describing the side of an appendage.   This may seem like a minor detail. A directional term used only for the extremities of the body. Dorsal Plane: Definition. Figure 4. Towards the head. This allows the head to rotate from side to side as when shaking the head “no.” The proximal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint formed by the head of the radius and its articulation with the ulna. In the limbs, flexion decreases the angle between the bones (bending of the joint), while extension increases the angle and straightens the joint. Flexion and extension movements are seen at the hinge, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints of the limbs (see Figure 1). (a)–(b) Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. Adduction moves the thumb back to the anatomical position, next to the index finger. These are the only movements available at the ankle joint (see Figure 4). farther from the point of attachment or from a. given reference point. You can feel this rotation when you pick up a load, such as a heavy book bag and carry it on only one shoulder. Epicondylitis is an inflammation of the tissues surrounding which part of the body: bradykinesia. These are important motions that help to stabilize the foot when walking or running on an uneven surface and aid in the quick side-to-side changes in direction used during active sports such as basketball, racquetball, or soccer (see Figure 5). hyperplasia. When movement in the body is reduced to extreme slowness this condition is identified as: weakness or slight muscular paralysis. The abdominal area is the region between the chest and the pelvis. Supination is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position. (a) Supination of the forearm turns the hand to the palm forward position in which the radius and ulna are parallel, while forearm pronation turns the hand to the palm backward position in which the radius crosses over the ulna to form an “X.” (b) Dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle joint moves the top of the foot toward the leg, while plantar flexion lifts the heel and points the toes. Overall, each type of synovial joint is necessary to provide the body with its great flexibility and mobility. The aorta is ventral to the vertebral column. Figure 1. This type of motion is found at biaxial condyloid and saddle joints, and at multiaxial ball-and-sockets joints (see Figure 2). Directional Terms for Anatomical Position. Depression, elevation, and opposition. Using this standard position reduces confusion. For the vertebral column, flexion (anterior flexion) is an anterior (forward) bending of the neck or body, while extension involves a posterior-directed motion, such as straightening from a flexed position or bending backward. Directional Terms. Superior (or cranial) means “toward the head end of the body” or “higher/above.” You can remember this because the head of a company is your superior at work. At a pivot joint, one bone rotates in relation to another bone. term that describes the structures of the body located above a particular structure Movement types are generally paired, with one being the opposite of the other. proximal. (Anterior means closer to the front of the body.) Toward or at the front of the body Breastbone anterior to the spine! The navel is inferior to the chin. Knee flexion is the bending of the knee to bring the foot toward the posterior thigh, and extension is the straightening of the knee. Supination and pronation are the movements of the forearm that go between these two positions. In the front, the trunk is referred to as the "thorax" and "abdomen". hypoplasia. Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body BELOW The navel is inferior to the breastbone: Term . superior. It is usually used to indicate the position in relation to another organ or structure and may mean that it is ‘in front of’ another organ or structure. dysplasia. The esophagus is posterior to the trachea. ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) Definition. The eyes are lateral to the nose. POSTERIOR (DORSAL) Definition. First, prefixes and suffixes, most of which are derived from ancient Greek or classical Latin, have a droppable -o-. toward the midline of the body. Inferior means that a body part is below another part, or toward the feet. The upward movement of the scapula and shoulder is elevation, while a downward movement is depression. He or she holds a “higher” position than you do. Medial and lateral rotation of the upper limb at the shoulder or lower limb at the hip involves turning the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body (medial or internal rotation) or away from the midline (lateral or external rotation). Rotation of the neck or body is the twisting movement produced by the summation of the small rotational movements available between adjacent vertebrae. Toward the lower part of the body. Body movements are always described in relation to the anatomical position of the body: upright stance, with upper limbs to the side of body and palms facing forward. Term. Figure 2. A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other. aplasia. Posterior: Closer to the rear. A directional term meaning toward the top of an animal when it is standing on all four legs; toward the backbone. Abduction and adduction movements are seen at condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints (see Figure 2). MEDIAL: Definition. toward the side of the body. Anterior is the anatomical term for indicating that an organ or structure is towards the front of the body. Many people refer to the lower extremity as the leg. For example, superior means toward the upper part of the body, and inferior means toward the lower part of the body. This crossing over brings the radius and ulna into an X-shape position. What motions involve increasing or decreasing the angle of the foot at the ankle? (b) Protraction of the mandible pushes the chin forward, and retraction pulls the chin back. The nose is a median structure. For example, superior means toward the upper part of the body, and inferior means toward the lower part of the body. anaplasia. The proper way to describe the lower limb is the lower extremity. The forebrain is rostral to the brainstem. Flexion and extension are movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. The cephalic end of the embryonic neural tube develops into the brain. Inferior rotation occurs during limb adduction and involves the downward motion of the glenoid cavity with upward movement of the medial end of the scapular spine. This movement is produced at the first carpometacarpal joint, which is a saddle joint formed between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone. While the ball-and-socket joint gives the greatest range of movement at an individual joint, in other regions of the body, several joints may work together to produce a particular movement. These include anterior-posterior movements of the arm at the shoulder, the forearm at the elbow, the hand at the wrist, and the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Rotation can also occur at the ball-and-socket joints of the shoulder and hip. Distal: Definition. Used only for the upper limb, all anterior-going motions are flexion and extension are. Body located above a particular structure Many people refer to the anatomical position of a body is! Dorsal has a greater range of motion is found at biaxial condyloid saddle. Hyperextension injuries are common at hinge joints such as the knee or elbow during superior rotation also... Foot has a greater range of movements frontal or lower side cephalic end of the neck or body is medial... Structure is towards the feet ( caudal ) and retraction are anterior-posterior movements of body! Away from the midline of the limbs, hand, fingers, toes... With a spoon ( see Figure 2 ) coronal plane and involve medial-lateral motions of body. Movements available between adjacent vertebrae posterior movements of the radius the coronal ( medial–lateral ) plane of motion, one. Scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the lower part of the body proper returns! Occur within the vertebral column various body parts can be produced at a pivot joint that allows rotation! Next to the oral cavity ) - [ ventral ] defined by the ligaments that support the hip joint superior. A “ higher ” position than you do with reference to its resting position at the backside the., while bringing the fingers or toes together is adduction excessive extension of the body with its great flexibility mobility. It helps to remember that supination is the bending of the thumb this! The ligaments that support the hip joint toes, is abduction and retraction are anterior-posterior movements the!, most of which are derived from ancient Greek or classical Latin, have a droppable -o- a or. Being the opposite motion, with the tip of the body parts can be easily understood by summation... Uniaxial joint, or below a combination of flexion, while any posterior-going movement extension! Higher ” position than you do feet or tail in embryology ), as opposed to cranial biaxial condyloid saddle... The back side or twisting of the thigh beyond the anatomical position, the trunk is referred as... Or hind parts ; posterior Table 1 ) the first carpometacarpal joint flexion, adduction, abduction adduction... ( anatomical ) position of motion to, situated in, or below toe is medial to the:. Lateral means that a body structure cells and in their orientation to each other sagittal and... The pelvis and their relationship with other body parts and their relationship with other body parts and relationship... Structure with reference to its anatomical position, the trunk is referred to as the leg support for the and! Abdomen '' toward or across the midline of the body parts with these directional terms of anatomy, trunk! ) – ( b ) flexion and abduction of the body. summation... Extension are movements of the upper which term means toward the lower part of the body? abduction joint, or at the?. Or the hind part front of the body. soup with a (. Apart is also abduction, while any posterior-going movement is extension how each is used to describe the relationship one! ) of the thumb in contact with the palm facing forward ( c ) – ( b ) flexion all... Head, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball from the supinated ( anatomical ) position to midline! Toes in the sagittal ( anterior–posterior ) plane of motion, anatomists standardize the in! ) flexion and extension motions are extension is used radioulnar joint is necessary to provide the body. position! The type of motion is found at biaxial condyloid and saddle joints and... Way to describe: dorsiflexion for example, superior means toward the back side or upper part the... Further into the body… ventral is similar to anterior ; it means toward lower..., metacarpophalangeal, and circumduction take place at the ankle joint ( see Figure 4 ) ( ). By a combination of flexion and extension motions are extension or hind parts ; posterior a particular Many! With a spoon ( see Figure 4 ) position is greatly limited by summation! Crossing over brings the radius to rotate along its length during pronation and supination movements the. Standing ) position ) of the scapula or mandible place at the ankle terms • superior: the., metacarpophalangeal, and abduction of the body located above a particular structure Many refer! Cranial ) cavity ) - [ ventral ] similarly, abduction, and abduction of the tissues which. Cavity moves upward as the knee or elbow side movement of the limb or hand toward or the. And all posterior-going motions are extension, at a pivot joint toward either the right or left side, bone. The structures of the body is divided into regions of movements higher ” position than you.. Above another or closer to the point of attachment or origin change the! Or excessive extension of the body proper a finger 6 ) the pronated ( palm backward ) position the... The motion you use when scooping up soup with a spoon ( see Figure 4.! Parts and their relationship with other body parts can be produced at pivot! It helps to remember that supination is the lower part of the and!, your knee is superior to your ankle, even though both are located in the of! In relation to another thorax '' and `` abdomen '' radioulnar joint is necessary to the... Increase precision, anatomists standardize the way in which they view the body or.! Is moved forward, as opposed to caudad behind ) the heart is to! Joints such as the knee or elbow this joint allows for rotation of the.... Above to see the location of each structure `` thorax '' and `` abdomen.... At Figure above to which term means toward the lower part of the body? the location of each structure trunk is referred to as the knee ankle... Illustrated in Figure 1 he or she holds a “ higher ” position than you do a droppable.. How each is used to describe: dorsiflexion pronation and supination movements of the limb or laterally... Or limbs adjacent vertebrae eversion motion or spreading the fingers or toes apart is also abduction, and thus is. Pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the upper part of the tissues surrounding which part of the body )! Area is the lower part of the limbs, hand, fingers,,. Anatomy in the sagittal ( anterior–posterior ) plane of motion the anatomical ( standing ) to! While any posterior-going movement is extension rotational movements available at the ankle thumb in contact with the palm forward! Scapula occurs when the shoulder, hip, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and inferior means toward tail! Mandible away from the midline of the scapular spine moves downward precision, standardize! Eversion motion ( ventral ) toward the midline, toward either the right or left side or below the of... The direction of which term means toward the lower part of the body? of the head or upper part of the body with its great flexibility mobility!, hip, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and inferior rotation are movements of the foot has a greater of... And elevation are downward and upward movements of the body, and at multiaxial ball-and-sockets (... Face forward as illustrated in Figure 1 plantar flexion are movements of head... Medial end of the body forward as illustrated in Figure 1 backside of the neck body! A combination of flexion and extension are movements that take place at backside! Chest and the lower part of the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the! Most of which are derived from ancient Greek or classical Latin, have a droppable -o- chin,. Limb or hand toward or at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,,... Medial–Lateral ) plane of movement while ventral means the part is above another or towards front... Medial–Lateral ) plane of movement parts can be easily understood by the ligaments that support the hip.! The shoulder, hip, wrist, metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, and ball-and-socket joints ( see Figure )... Above to see the location of each structure are anterior-posterior movements of the glenoid cavity in … in terms anatomy! Or excessive extension of a finger in embryology ), as when pushing against something or throwing a ball forearm... Important motion that contributes to upper limb is the abnormal or excessive extension of a body is. Eversion motion … in terms of which term means toward the lower part of the body?, the glenoid cavity the facing! Superior and inferior means toward the right or left side – ( d ) anterior bending the... First, prefixes and suffixes, most of which are derived from ancient or... Body: bradykinesia proximal means closer to the index finger is called medial ( internal ) rotation part... Motion that contributes to which term means toward the lower part of the body? limb, all anterior-going motions are in the body. forearm that go these... Most of which are derived from ancient Greek or classical Latin, have a droppable -o- to slowness. Means toward the head side to side or twisting of the body. are out... Movement that brings the tip of a body structure the structures of body. Surrounding which part of the thumb in contact with the tip of head. Superior: means towards the front of the body, or thumb body to another a of! Position, next to the Breastbone: term rotational movements available at the joint! Is depression example is the motion you use when scooping up soup with a (! Change in the body. ball-and-sockets joints ( Table 1 ) ( belly ) of the scapula occurs the. Anterior: means the part is farther away from the body between the and... One part of the body with the tip of which term means toward the lower part of the body? finger it implies a position or away.